Question
Constitutional Law | First Amendment | ESSAY
Hard
...e campaign events. The ordinance also requires a permit for any group of more than 25 people using amplified sound after 8 p.m. The permit official may deny a permit if the official believes the event would be "inconsist...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. I, Perry Education Association v. Perry Local Educators' Association, Ward v. Rock Against Racism, Reed v. Town of Gilbert, Forsyth County v. Nationalist Movement
Question
Constitutional Law | Judicial Review and Justiciability | ESSAY
Medium
...nst. art. III, sec. 2, Frothingham v. Mellon, Flast v. Cohen, Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation, Inc., Craig v. Boren, Havens Realty Corp. v. Coleman
Citations: U.S. Const. art. III, sec. 2, Frothingham v. Mellon, Flast v. Cohen, Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation, Inc., Craig v. Boren, Havens Realty Corp. v. Coleman
Question
Constitutional Law | Executive Powers | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...issues a pardon to an aide for all completed federal campaign-finance offenses committed during the prior year. State prosecutors later charge the aide under state bribery law based on the same facts, and Congress contin...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, sec. 2, Ex parte Garland
Question
Constitutional Law | Judicial Review and Justiciability | ESSAY
Hard
...lyze ripeness and mootness, including voluntary cessation and capable-of-repetition-yet-evading-review. This essay tests ripeness, pre-enforcement review, mootness, voluntary cessation, and capable-of-repetition-yet-evad...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. III, sec. 2, Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner, Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus, Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc., Southern Pacific Terminal Co. v. ICC, Roe v. Wade
Question
Constitutional Law | First Amendment | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...ully advertising lawful nicotine-replacement products within one mile of any college campus. The state says the ban will reduce impulse purchases by students but has little evidence about billboard effects. Which stateme...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. I, Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission
Question
Constitutional Law | Commerce Clause and Taxing Power | ESSAY
Hard
...in annual sales to State C customers, whether or not the retailer has offices, employees, or inventory in State C. The tax is measured by receipts from State C customers only. A separate provision gives a 50 percent cred...
Citations: Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady, South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., Comptroller of the Treasury v. Wynne, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 8, cl. 3
Question
Constitutional Law | First Amendment | ESSAY
Hard
...boards that truthfully advertise lawful supplements within 1,000 feet of a college campus, stating that the ban will reduce impulsive purchases by students. The state has no studies about billboard effects but relies on...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. I, Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission, Zauderer v. Office of Disciplinary Counsel, National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra, West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
Question
Criminal Law and Procedure | Constitutional Procedure | ESSAY
Medium
The record contains mixed facts that support one part of the requested ruling but also suggest a limitation or defense. A party relied on common practice, but the record includes facts suggesting that practice was unreas...
Citations: Common law criminal doctrine, Model Penal Code principles, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendment criminal procedure doctrine
Question
Constitutional Law | Tenth Amendment and Anti-Commandeering | ESSAY
Medium
...data to insurers and marketers. State C sues, arguing that all parts of the Act commandeer state government. Private data brokers also object to federal regulation. Which parts of the Act are likely valid, and which par...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. X, Reno v. Condon, Printz v. United States
Question
Constitutional Law | Congressional Powers | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Hard
A member of Congress reads subpoenaed documents into the record during a committee hearing, then gives the same documents to a campaign consultant who posts them with campaign commentary. The target of the documents sues...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 6, cl. 1, Gravel v. United States, United States v. Brewster
Question
Constitutional Law | Due Process and Equal Protection | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...hall receive" monthly disability benefits unless the agency finds one of five listed grounds for termination. The agency cuts off a recipient's benefits after reviewing medical records but without giving advance notice o...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, Board of Regents v. Roth, Mathews v. Eldridge, Goldberg v. Kelly
Question
Constitutional Law | First Amendment | ESSAY
Hard
...s had passed inspection despite serious fire-code violations. As part of her job, she wrote an internal memo to her supervisor recommending that certificates of occupancy be revoked. The supervisor told her to "stop maki...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. I, Pickering v. Board of Education, Connick v. Myers, Garcetti v. Ceballos, Lane v. Franks
Question
Constitutional Law | First Amendment | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Hard
...corrupt. The council chair bars the comment because "attacks on city officials are not welcome," while allowing other residents to praise the same zoning change. Which statement is most accurate? The best answer recogni...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. I, Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of University of Virginia, Good News Club v. Milford Central School
Question
Constitutional Law | Judicial Review and Justiciability | ESSAY
Hard
...itution. Finally, Congress enacted a statute withdrawing one category of Supreme Court appellate review and stating that all pending cases in that category "shall be dismissed because the government's position is correct...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. III, Marbury v. Madison, Muskrat v. United States, Michigan v. Long, Ex parte McCardle, United States v. Klein
Question
Constitutional Law | Commerce Clause and Taxing Power | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Hard
...into the state. The tax applies at the same rate to in-state and out-of-state retailers, is measured only by sales delivered to State D customers, and funds roads, courts, consumer-fraud enforcement, and other state ser...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 8, cl. 3, Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady, South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc.
Question
Constitutional Law | Congressional Powers | ESSAY
Hard
...issues subpoenas to a contractor for invoices and to a former agency official for testimony about grant oversight. The committee chair publicly says, "We will expose criminals and send them to prison." The committee als...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 6, cl. 1, McGrain v. Daugherty, Watkins v. United States, Gravel v. United States, Eastland v. United States Servicemen's Fund, Trump v. Mazars USA, LLP
Question
Constitutional Law | First Amendment | ESSAY
Hard
...is essay tests incitement, true threats, prior restraints, and public-official defamation. U.S. Const. amend. I, Brandenburg v. Ohio, Counterman v. Colorado, New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, Near v. Minnesota, Nebraska Pr...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. I, Brandenburg v. Ohio, Counterman v. Colorado, New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, Near v. Minnesota, Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart
Question
Constitutional Law | Judicial Review and Justiciability | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Hard
...lleging that the statute violated the Constitution and that a federal officer had refused to deliver a signed commission even though all legal prerequisites for the commission had been completed. The commissioner asks th...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. III, sec. 2, Marbury v. Madison
Question
Constitutional Law | Tenth Amendment and Anti-Commandeering | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...id order to state lawmakers from potentially valid federal regulation of private rental platforms. U.S. Const. amend. X, New York v. United States, Murphy v. NCAA
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. X, New York v. United States, Murphy v. NCAA